tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-84156836676340056572023-11-15T22:38:57.945-08:00UBC Biology 343 BlogBy Midy Liou and Douglas NewbiggingMidyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04616902851680475958noreply@blogger.comBlogger10125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8415683667634005657.post-31119022859600752902010-07-22T23:01:00.000-07:002010-07-26T01:40:26.312-07:00Recent UpdatesOur work is done. Study hard and good luck.Doughttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12108423571018594135noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8415683667634005657.post-11398385629736859512010-07-21T20:34:00.001-07:002010-07-26T01:34:10.382-07:00LAB 6<div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size:large;">FAMALY ASTERACEAE</span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div style="text-align: center;">---</div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUFXTNffoz1GoCPM0JS07SfDRac0XGMasLAhMtqtFaDkf6SjD8Ayipwd2zZZqxFY7v3w2vlnieJgOFrmyWobWgwcS9ZKr_6k7KCT0QfXxUssX41VjlQStKPdIm7d5gTtegV6jFejZhPxe5/s1600/IMG_2811.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUFXTNffoz1GoCPM0JS07SfDRac0XGMasLAhMtqtFaDkf6SjD8Ayipwd2zZZqxFY7v3w2vlnieJgOFrmyWobWgwcS9ZKr_6k7KCT0QfXxUssX41VjlQStKPdIm7d5gTtegV6jFejZhPxe5/s400/IMG_2811.JPG" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">Composite flower head of a sun flower. </div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIyqdkJ1OZNs-wFmKlJ7LYk7ow_fqQ7S7VW2_nQK-KLS9cfm3lK_YKT0-Q6LcTXIyJaK1GQRNtw6vmS7uEy_RHAxJUlUf45i1j4-RQ10p4Nilmouo4p0j69Mcc9W4iSWgn9M4kdVD3YEet/s1600/IMG_2809.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIyqdkJ1OZNs-wFmKlJ7LYk7ow_fqQ7S7VW2_nQK-KLS9cfm3lK_YKT0-Q6LcTXIyJaK1GQRNtw6vmS7uEy_RHAxJUlUf45i1j4-RQ10p4Nilmouo4p0j69Mcc9W4iSWgn9M4kdVD3YEet/s320/IMG_2809.JPG" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">Cross section of the composite head; where are the disk floret, ray floret, bract, receptacle? </div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="color: #990000; text-align: center;"><a href="http://tudbotany.blogspot.com/2010/07/lab-3.html"><b>*check out the labeled photo in lab 3. </b></a></div><div style="color: #990000; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipha4Skd5YRh5X4r1KKLEc5B0e0ttFVheFa37Km4OI4CCuLfHDmbxvxCKaaU6z1uEteTZx3j-n8fz6nmDW-hFpK-u4zqmXf3cEi-nteBfjLkMpN_uFilc7l-46r80hQnVvfIezzVkPAnIz/s1600/IMG_3060.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipha4Skd5YRh5X4r1KKLEc5B0e0ttFVheFa37Km4OI4CCuLfHDmbxvxCKaaU6z1uEteTZx3j-n8fz6nmDW-hFpK-u4zqmXf3cEi-nteBfjLkMpN_uFilc7l-46r80hQnVvfIezzVkPAnIz/s320/IMG_3060.JPG" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">This is a disk floret, is it male or female? (do you see the anther AND stigma?) The hair at the top of the ovary is called pappus (they are the reduced sepals). </div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZSME0S9ubgRwPyKOkUJxMNYlyc6U4BaSb0ppaIjcFy_XTQS31bCRP53nTvvSTaSuuHbecF8DMDK4fW86NflI6lWN7xmRLhaPDeJBbok9mayosSxs6cYGY3oAevQePVl9usvXfvBpiXN4s/s1600/IMG_3067.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZSME0S9ubgRwPyKOkUJxMNYlyc6U4BaSb0ppaIjcFy_XTQS31bCRP53nTvvSTaSuuHbecF8DMDK4fW86NflI6lWN7xmRLhaPDeJBbok9mayosSxs6cYGY3oAevQePVl9usvXfvBpiXN4s/s320/IMG_3067.JPG" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">A ray floret; one of its purposes is to attract insects. This floret only has a pistil (no stamen), so it's imperfect. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div style="text-align: center;"></div><div style="text-align: center;">What kind of symmetry does this floret display?</div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;">FAMILY POACEAE</div><div style="text-align: center;">---</div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJSbxn4J9x6DtXhMPXqM62r-mTEpltzlDk_j6jBEaOteOyOdGrFdXZyp8dyyApOXcRnoUzRLHQrSCzjAjmA_Ughn7yntmFQhBmsH_YYl13wicvSogCCcUh7aMDUB627OqFJd-IwojLTleO/s1600/IMG_3131.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="280" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJSbxn4J9x6DtXhMPXqM62r-mTEpltzlDk_j6jBEaOteOyOdGrFdXZyp8dyyApOXcRnoUzRLHQrSCzjAjmA_Ughn7yntmFQhBmsH_YYl13wicvSogCCcUh7aMDUB627OqFJd-IwojLTleO/s400/IMG_3131.JPG" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">"Grass" family</div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyOqo6Zwmb9qDsaof5rSbK7pCepFxxMEqVLy1XXfx0vz9BumCkRJX58B6TDftBSzzxi0F7d9vqC-2PhVAd7w9d2sVYglknhHnDvGStIrPtpUynMxSUj4CzssKYhP7ETaTbIqOfaBqnZmU/s1600/grass+anatomy.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5497416036873652754" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyOqo6Zwmb9qDsaof5rSbK7pCepFxxMEqVLy1XXfx0vz9BumCkRJX58B6TDftBSzzxi0F7d9vqC-2PhVAd7w9d2sVYglknhHnDvGStIrPtpUynMxSUj4CzssKYhP7ETaTbIqOfaBqnZmU/s400/grass+anatomy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; height: 400px; width: 175px;" /></a></div>The inflorescence at the top is composed of many spikelets.<br /><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkQHUJV7KdFxxDGsUSNCbX0bYRtRIs2nBqqUEqRrAwZk6PTzID1jJs_99uIJO1FlWoKQK3vS7yejApuMA6cMzOVE_2Fo3fSAv-Y4X2VMzH-1W-ryiQ1IzgfyRLhc35V4ChbpTlw84hNXXI/s1600/floret.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkQHUJV7KdFxxDGsUSNCbX0bYRtRIs2nBqqUEqRrAwZk6PTzID1jJs_99uIJO1FlWoKQK3vS7yejApuMA6cMzOVE_2Fo3fSAv-Y4X2VMzH-1W-ryiQ1IzgfyRLhc35V4ChbpTlw84hNXXI/s320/floret.jpg" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">Each of the circled structures is a floret, and the stem-like structure linking them together is called the rachilla. Glumes (removed) would surround these florets. </div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSQcL8jhG3AkrbkldN6dFuO8GWsnQ-T0nM_UOFOQlQh6FpTNWnNuMgboqFrG2gb_LR6KlJUWOfgXhMqeQOfnAVHodAPipE3L2OZ3k7RKjXnq2krHdCJNTdFr7V19eolnmmxtF8hRjZAdkX/s1600/IMG_3077.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSQcL8jhG3AkrbkldN6dFuO8GWsnQ-T0nM_UOFOQlQh6FpTNWnNuMgboqFrG2gb_LR6KlJUWOfgXhMqeQOfnAVHodAPipE3L2OZ3k7RKjXnq2krHdCJNTdFr7V19eolnmmxtF8hRjZAdkX/s320/IMG_3077.JPG" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">Dissecting open one of the florets reveals 2 stamens, one pistil and an ovary. </div><div style="text-align: center;">I suspect one stamen is missing because monocots parts are usually in 3's.</div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0sGxJyKVv7oxb0h-b1SZSlCKx0BVsqG5CbX3t7WwXSjMzUVbaarQeigNMHT5uyqY4YO4KEUC7O0_cWxqTn5WDZnOopqMt0FLjaeckLFaVpVJ7sDPDWUvAC3mYcJtrsAUgD_7kUyYi6aqZ/s1600/IMG_3083.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0sGxJyKVv7oxb0h-b1SZSlCKx0BVsqG5CbX3t7WwXSjMzUVbaarQeigNMHT5uyqY4YO4KEUC7O0_cWxqTn5WDZnOopqMt0FLjaeckLFaVpVJ7sDPDWUvAC3mYcJtrsAUgD_7kUyYi6aqZ/s320/IMG_3083.JPG" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">A closer look at the top of the ovary reveals the stigma and style. (Thank you to Queenie for the photo)</div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhh0EBAXq6yKWqBqk-Ptb-KACNtwv2Hr7hwS_jDHEaHHZKj-TGzTdQ_gbNFnLm7jQ27OAMuauMcuLZCNqLTdUWFtOqN4zylDAs6QlPO4o3yKtEKm29nZUJci8LsZdaP66Pu2c6Ty5ks1OeZ/s1600/IMG_3086.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhh0EBAXq6yKWqBqk-Ptb-KACNtwv2Hr7hwS_jDHEaHHZKj-TGzTdQ_gbNFnLm7jQ27OAMuauMcuLZCNqLTdUWFtOqN4zylDAs6QlPO4o3yKtEKm29nZUJci8LsZdaP66Pu2c6Ty5ks1OeZ/s320/IMG_3086.JPG" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">Parallel veins of a grass blade (it's a monocot)</div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:large;"><b>LILY-LIKE MONOCOTS (FAMILY LILIACEAE AND FRIENDS)</b></span></div><div style="text-align: center;">---</div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSiYqGEEbZV-mO0mPj-U2YDkoaYBxEo_-beJtzFKXdYtjN7TOi7BBTwCEA17DbTne3vFzVQPZid5VdvS-Ybb_8p32HmrCJU3OGB47adteXn5yuuhazyQSKRx27f8ilkVwQozmSCzdZy49X/s1600/IMG_3114.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSiYqGEEbZV-mO0mPj-U2YDkoaYBxEo_-beJtzFKXdYtjN7TOi7BBTwCEA17DbTne3vFzVQPZid5VdvS-Ybb_8p32HmrCJU3OGB47adteXn5yuuhazyQSKRx27f8ilkVwQozmSCzdZy49X/s400/IMG_3114.JPG" width="400" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiVNjvnUt240pAzuLFMXS6QpoY5Pl28Hp5oPNe3sPLKUiCElHJxhLp6XtouZk5AO3GqN2ly1jmMKYwsC7akMVTmJnO3u7WJi2Vz-i_gVcGmrQ3Lq2aGf3XMzVts57BusIK3sTSDyOJ2ZXU/s1600/IMG_3089.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiVNjvnUt240pAzuLFMXS6QpoY5Pl28Hp5oPNe3sPLKUiCElHJxhLp6XtouZk5AO3GqN2ly1jmMKYwsC7akMVTmJnO3u7WJi2Vz-i_gVcGmrQ3Lq2aGf3XMzVts57BusIK3sTSDyOJ2ZXU/s320/IMG_3089.JPG" /></a></div>Note the lack of sepal, what happened to the structure?<br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgI_eJ23NR8QwVBUZf4Lh9Da4KJdhVSsxKj8sfD36zV6VtGY_6e-Hk6lpdLzJyBWZyFOBAHbaGBkAxYWe2UcTIOoMWuOc7PC3bXt5NGTeVY7K5qnCifjQ48dn0ASlbhg0eg79WU97vzW95p/s1600/IMG_3092.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgI_eJ23NR8QwVBUZf4Lh9Da4KJdhVSsxKj8sfD36zV6VtGY_6e-Hk6lpdLzJyBWZyFOBAHbaGBkAxYWe2UcTIOoMWuOc7PC3bXt5NGTeVY7K5qnCifjQ48dn0ASlbhg0eg79WU97vzW95p/s320/IMG_3092.JPG" /></a></div>6 stamens<br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfbHIlHHE_Bk2T6IHIKnr9BBUkbY6ONKhdMZR6Ghw5vaOaMsFDgl9xLZNaIs6o1qCAnSFeeQnHGJeScy-S_GAYviyVV4WSWwQXZSIEC0-5cbh92712Zt8P5gfysk356KUdryo6admq6g3R/s1600/IMG_3094.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfbHIlHHE_Bk2T6IHIKnr9BBUkbY6ONKhdMZR6Ghw5vaOaMsFDgl9xLZNaIs6o1qCAnSFeeQnHGJeScy-S_GAYviyVV4WSWwQXZSIEC0-5cbh92712Zt8P5gfysk356KUdryo6admq6g3R/s320/IMG_3094.JPG" /></a></div>This one also has 6 stamens<br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6MCD6Ax5yPIkVLD2C46nrM-Lez_3N2XaigKzNUKNoH1_XD4HoO5LwKaNMs_y212_sb1E7Kz-s80J-U_-UZjj3rpseNaOz0FjDfVmoNS4jb3T8rymB2Zg-gpfg2tEX-9joYIuCHlbFyAaM/s1600/IMG_3098.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6MCD6Ax5yPIkVLD2C46nrM-Lez_3N2XaigKzNUKNoH1_XD4HoO5LwKaNMs_y212_sb1E7Kz-s80J-U_-UZjj3rpseNaOz0FjDfVmoNS4jb3T8rymB2Zg-gpfg2tEX-9joYIuCHlbFyAaM/s320/IMG_3098.JPG" /></a></div>Tepals - the fusion of petals and sepals<br /><br /><br /><b>Family Orchidaceae</b><br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYuterUEpFG1U4_KZnxTc6ffz4jGVevIt_JCGh6fVfpfe8uuhj2PtFRJb33EwfDcTKESp0wJo5hafRXDaKqyKHfP_aXEeXEwEynPbwb6SmiFo2a9X5YxIzNr2q6ZGk4PbuuNXeXYqYp1sv/s1600/IMG_3099.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYuterUEpFG1U4_KZnxTc6ffz4jGVevIt_JCGh6fVfpfe8uuhj2PtFRJb33EwfDcTKESp0wJo5hafRXDaKqyKHfP_aXEeXEwEynPbwb6SmiFo2a9X5YxIzNr2q6ZGk4PbuuNXeXYqYp1sv/s320/IMG_3099.JPG" /></a></div>An orchid flower<br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8FJihw_GUi7gqcufeZKA2L7oroqaHVC7XJ5kgtm9vU9rYl-x20Z_hJ0H2yZWAZTTtR09UIzbJkcF2L1D8Tz00xgJkx63_A9r6mAJxioyZ3076FeWlAO7SdLJiUkuZgQnqHRerHHoey8AV/s1600/IMG_3102.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8FJihw_GUi7gqcufeZKA2L7oroqaHVC7XJ5kgtm9vU9rYl-x20Z_hJ0H2yZWAZTTtR09UIzbJkcF2L1D8Tz00xgJkx63_A9r6mAJxioyZ3076FeWlAO7SdLJiUkuZgQnqHRerHHoey8AV/s320/IMG_3102.JPG" /></a></div>Can you name the floral parts from the above 2 pictures? tepal, column, labellum, pollinia<br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimLVyR7aXAFOZ3PiadlIok7Nd8WjFsu1qF-ZlwbSg0dKn7sZJf_w5B3S2U3lKzb07wt61O_Ky3wizZCRM-bfpqVWif09CptBh4PrS1EqELeY3I2iQCpOarw3sH7JiYpjmisO4svTWdMLmu/s1600/IMG_3106.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimLVyR7aXAFOZ3PiadlIok7Nd8WjFsu1qF-ZlwbSg0dKn7sZJf_w5B3S2U3lKzb07wt61O_Ky3wizZCRM-bfpqVWif09CptBh4PrS1EqELeY3I2iQCpOarw3sH7JiYpjmisO4svTWdMLmu/s320/IMG_3106.JPG" /></a></div><b>Labellum</b> (purple, on the left) and <b>column</b> (white, on the right)<br />What makes up the labellum? and column?<br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6oA3wKRU3V5YeYzx6O3k2l5c-SgsH8Umblp5oe-f7vio5hj2tZwY6MlMDSydy3eBrPZYt7B7a7Q58dbxMJIEoGHgxOAntzOCzkGzkR0JswmIL_RfKbehTVAeGqbi8waRsuRk3IYXSQRfw/s1600/IMG_3105.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6oA3wKRU3V5YeYzx6O3k2l5c-SgsH8Umblp5oe-f7vio5hj2tZwY6MlMDSydy3eBrPZYt7B7a7Q58dbxMJIEoGHgxOAntzOCzkGzkR0JswmIL_RfKbehTVAeGqbi8waRsuRk3IYXSQRfw/s320/IMG_3105.JPG" /></a></div>A closer look at the pollinia<br /><br /><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXg-liIJzVjpQew2woBPYmClOheBQNFliUgOKbH0Y6Ci2rKiFIfF54sbMVK7cHSO58jIvrfUulpkRfgW6TAP6trdzo876_rSyruF61Je1DJPcNa4cPakByj54GBWSjYD4hrx4Upz6wrb-4/s1600/IMG_3112.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXg-liIJzVjpQew2woBPYmClOheBQNFliUgOKbH0Y6Ci2rKiFIfF54sbMVK7cHSO58jIvrfUulpkRfgW6TAP6trdzo876_rSyruF61Je1DJPcNa4cPakByj54GBWSjYD4hrx4Upz6wrb-4/s320/IMG_3112.JPG" /></a></div>With bottom half of the flower cut away, he stigmatic surface is much more apparent.</div>Midyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04616902851680475958noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8415683667634005657.post-81211757273340796782010-07-19T17:50:00.000-07:002010-07-23T22:29:11.666-07:00LAB 5<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>FAMILY </b><b>APIACEAE</b></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">---</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihVMdAJetbvYMwjAQ4XFKHTKjG4ZcwW17FJtZAGpbgR9LbFvfKY4mwKiTKjG6cZXIam0fucTvCqWZHY4XEhM8nTBAWvxDrE3RB528j1w8NzwmonLj9z_W6TIe4DslcVazJYVrr5VmVZxuu/s640/IMG_3044.JPG" width="480" /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span>A fennel plant; one of the many members of the Apiaceae family. Can you make out the following structures? Sheathing petiole, umblet, ray.</div><div style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGJ9i88UGWDCjHyUPzSTbwjtfoLDAwKpVx4z5g6eIi5sKtTpg6ox7G_E6ZXSRL1ih0RFwuv083tii2Oc9DSB1HOlhG1tD3hhienx1TaMpkARYseigrEkiK4wwVoGXqZe3-BCGAxubPHTIP/s1600/IMG_2987.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGJ9i88UGWDCjHyUPzSTbwjtfoLDAwKpVx4z5g6eIi5sKtTpg6ox7G_E6ZXSRL1ih0RFwuv083tii2Oc9DSB1HOlhG1tD3hhienx1TaMpkARYseigrEkiK4wwVoGXqZe3-BCGAxubPHTIP/s320/IMG_2987.JPG" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">This clusters of flowers is called an umblet. Notice the actinomorphic floral arrangement. </div><div style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiN-s4A2iIdkjr5aF5qBFqKf8_fRIxGbLwRVC4PXrxOecKLCdEyaZKB-ogpxWf9NR1QUtD00KxAMourP_V5U7qoPFd9QC65VbWPaQnfKKcQ2OOQX-gfncnLislB65RkVfcksuCEHZnk7pOQ/s320/IMG_2996.JPG" /></div><div style="text-align: center;">This photo shows the 5 stamen that are within each flower. The curled up structures adjacent to each stamen</div><div style="text-align: center;">are its petals. A gap separates each petal, making them "free" or "unfused"</div><div style="text-align: center;">The two segments of the stylopodium are within the petals. You may be able to make out the 2 segments. </div><div style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOpJq2FzYGqr9rt6Ev8SPd5w3NhTQqRoRpNlB9bUP77Hv08UDKfYp_qQkU-FKL3AstmRfO7HgzovFhz4VLJssaXN_lH4ZFqUfpmJZGyIU_pMvaOLgxJsggium578KP-B2I__2wFkH-jocE/s1600/IMG_2999.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOpJq2FzYGqr9rt6Ev8SPd5w3NhTQqRoRpNlB9bUP77Hv08UDKfYp_qQkU-FKL3AstmRfO7HgzovFhz4VLJssaXN_lH4ZFqUfpmJZGyIU_pMvaOLgxJsggium578KP-B2I__2wFkH-jocE/s320/IMG_2999.JPG" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">A longitudinal section through one of the flowers reveal to oval grooves. This indicates it had 2 carpels within its pistil. The next photo shows the cross section view of these 2 spaces.</div><div style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWmKcX4UEBvz0XXgTOiffK3VfFvXKi0dOweWb_8jN9Mbr4DMHutLnfD1JTKKGvTcWUKmms4w9LI66-gjJtbW3qqxPr-5LKnz9fpQ90v8x6_OvSWelRdBQGdOIpMP7LhwZK-eeD1Wc_fQuD/s1600/IMG_3001.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWmKcX4UEBvz0XXgTOiffK3VfFvXKi0dOweWb_8jN9Mbr4DMHutLnfD1JTKKGvTcWUKmms4w9LI66-gjJtbW3qqxPr-5LKnz9fpQ90v8x6_OvSWelRdBQGdOIpMP7LhwZK-eeD1Wc_fQuD/s320/IMG_3001.JPG" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: center;">The next 2 photos are some leaves of this family. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeJqwCtqv5-RcGmgG9DxwH_bo6XW7Qu5E70nGVLK76YzYXghPc3KaT0qEUtn4Av4-AkKynUVtYjL0Oj781g5-20HeGDQ-zTyKM8-Qz6RV186BFQfv-D-TDVqxo5HGmcaULc9dtlhqfRdoh/s1600/IMG_2991.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeJqwCtqv5-RcGmgG9DxwH_bo6XW7Qu5E70nGVLK76YzYXghPc3KaT0qEUtn4Av4-AkKynUVtYjL0Oj781g5-20HeGDQ-zTyKM8-Qz6RV186BFQfv-D-TDVqxo5HGmcaULc9dtlhqfRdoh/s320/IMG_2991.JPG" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTVTq23sx-GNkbtv-vfrIkMBOzRgXqVY2EWvQgTf-Q3iK7rGYZ-l9ugr-c9ziBZ5Sa_6L6WQ1Lsm9WMesoM2Uy0vEW0KA3dhU8RMGyPrKDvyB_t2fkAsm4xEmZ7u36nT2eH1Gbag_IApBz/s1600/IMG_2993.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTVTq23sx-GNkbtv-vfrIkMBOzRgXqVY2EWvQgTf-Q3iK7rGYZ-l9ugr-c9ziBZ5Sa_6L6WQ1Lsm9WMesoM2Uy0vEW0KA3dhU8RMGyPrKDvyB_t2fkAsm4xEmZ7u36nT2eH1Gbag_IApBz/s320/IMG_2993.JPG" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">3 leaves seems to form one bigger leaf, are these leaves compound or simple?</div><div style="text-align: center;"><br />
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</div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>FAMILY LAMIACEAE</b></span></div><div style="text-align: center;">---</div><div style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGwbqXBUMkPUyQaJz6uSyCxcb7FrZMh2ZeZ3b1ooBd-R4S48_zJt8XQftMFWWSRzG1zJgG8Jeau_LCWC06OSHs3wi28RWNyNo18wa2hX4e9Z70YtaSU8cwsyqAH6s2wSN7jMOEs29x-MBn/s1600/IMG_3049.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="263" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGwbqXBUMkPUyQaJz6uSyCxcb7FrZMh2ZeZ3b1ooBd-R4S48_zJt8XQftMFWWSRzG1zJgG8Jeau_LCWC06OSHs3wi28RWNyNo18wa2hX4e9Z70YtaSU8cwsyqAH6s2wSN7jMOEs29x-MBn/s400/IMG_3049.JPG" width="400" /></a><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkxDY0Zvxhe75qOqp7vdwGSBzGoih-Hcbh3tEE4vczzXRCXLarnSFaQYM1wfFnjy9cO5aCV0S25R8YfgLPZt74DgCNYLoY3lumvaI3y3XTD791sAPr65yq3Az-Ahaia3HIRdGWZlYXOn1S/s400/IMG_3050.JPG" width="400" /></div><div style="text-align: center;">The family with members that are usually aromatic.</div><div style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4BG8pV-uw0Cvg6_gwoo7WV0Ntf4Sph4K1I_Jh1S1izqD2Y79tvFdUYZfwtQJG914DwAjOmiK78S4PuSRKI1_f-8pplAhZQ9rKj0CZY1sgHAsrV5KNfMFN-aSXbyChs0i-MRQJJMamJhgQ/s320/IMG_2950.JPG" /></div><div style="text-align: center;">Can you make out the 5 bilabiate petals? The next photo gives a better view. Also, what kind of symmetry does this family have?</div><div style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzcK_STt8RhF_B52hA0Yyphyphenhyphen8_51OL8CtEc68T3LSwD7PsyaWEyXqjykbwp8zVlBT1zS7Eaui0YddrBFCuVpG0bpzckKWH_gWw2hF1RK7-twCjkLhEJXnMVnBwziVhKrx9vVrPSyZaxpQK/s320/IMG_2962.JPG" /></div><div style="text-align: center;">Zygomorphic symmetry</div><div style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKamAY2kAjjhVcUPUIktvnVdImGbSqe61T30krYB0IbDiQTWltMDTVgQ-fVI9C7pMLNRuxUpyeiV1I6FvuG6J9RAnUyMiK6AqbsRVa_nB2nESzKx74m9QMiwSTCE6FzkW7TVuYXK7Gnydg/s1600/IMG_2961.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKamAY2kAjjhVcUPUIktvnVdImGbSqe61T30krYB0IbDiQTWltMDTVgQ-fVI9C7pMLNRuxUpyeiV1I6FvuG6J9RAnUyMiK6AqbsRVa_nB2nESzKx74m9QMiwSTCE6FzkW7TVuYXK7Gnydg/s320/IMG_2961.JPG" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"></div><div style="text-align: center;">This family has 4 stamens. </div><div style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjh9B_1MpUEYgIczHCY4I0_IsajnspPQ3OqeP3Lq6Upp8VbJDJ63zWTuGzVSw3grYDFFxD8LbXdVxZpaZmRfouNgo52vVW7rildVwRTLvZW_svfMRB9o8A9J5ISZwKeBvxaEyNJMOwWGItp/s320/IMG_2954.JPG" /></div><div style="text-align: center;">And a single pistil.</div><div style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFr_IZlBGuYH6G_RLvS42jBwmVjHKZWJViXTu2mY2_U19ylaS3o8Fzb2GLrcI1kxpGtjuL9ELCVaH-GP60CBoZD9aNTG3AvuriLhnNR66CdyjkmQAJ7ydFvJi6ZRYB_8GmNCynAZxPLKQv/s1600/IMG_2957.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFr_IZlBGuYH6G_RLvS42jBwmVjHKZWJViXTu2mY2_U19ylaS3o8Fzb2GLrcI1kxpGtjuL9ELCVaH-GP60CBoZD9aNTG3AvuriLhnNR66CdyjkmQAJ7ydFvJi6ZRYB_8GmNCynAZxPLKQv/s320/IMG_2957.JPG" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">The sepals of the above flower. How many do you see and are they fused?</div><div style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi40ZRbYsy82W4KPXhUD3i8yGDbfRHBm5wgeRyEN3wXbnqJQgzrGIGbj_bFNAr4znBc3E7yzdlAGwEgPMRgXQN_7EvIWyVwhIlS9GYLZqMzoszmdRT0JenhgPm3XdMhTSWrEOXJ12qZ5vko/s1600/IMG_2949.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi40ZRbYsy82W4KPXhUD3i8yGDbfRHBm5wgeRyEN3wXbnqJQgzrGIGbj_bFNAr4znBc3E7yzdlAGwEgPMRgXQN_7EvIWyVwhIlS9GYLZqMzoszmdRT0JenhgPm3XdMhTSWrEOXJ12qZ5vko/s320/IMG_2949.JPG" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">Leaves from this family. Most of them have surface hairs that secrete aromatic compounds, what are they called?</div><div style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7j2oXo6Kq9kJmLyXVw3YPVjfH1aUlZhXeH95RdQDvuB9rU2WzpAbsrbcGBSzR4hZ4GQJ2cpb00nHWHShLzd9H5wWS3KYiyGAmhflS-VRg1ZvOXySE0FW_M-vOOC1Zb1wgxsRywXJKvH36/s1600/IMG_2976.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7j2oXo6Kq9kJmLyXVw3YPVjfH1aUlZhXeH95RdQDvuB9rU2WzpAbsrbcGBSzR4hZ4GQJ2cpb00nHWHShLzd9H5wWS3KYiyGAmhflS-VRg1ZvOXySE0FW_M-vOOC1Zb1wgxsRywXJKvH36/s320/IMG_2976.JPG" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">Glandular and non-glandular trichomes. </div><div style="text-align: center;"><br />
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</div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>FAMILY </b><b>FABACEAE</b></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">---</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-GYxbZPSh9FVBUzrxAesMxdZgVbkCuwauN-pyYllo87_BVc0Cw7DOjRS4w5u3Ro-FGMJDqVhmMUDQQO8EBmHNwNIfzTe0WHBBTpOMrPnlJNo2MLnohGatyFMO77N1F9TsKmZhnf3Hay8p/s1600/IMG_3047.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-GYxbZPSh9FVBUzrxAesMxdZgVbkCuwauN-pyYllo87_BVc0Cw7DOjRS4w5u3Ro-FGMJDqVhmMUDQQO8EBmHNwNIfzTe0WHBBTpOMrPnlJNo2MLnohGatyFMO77N1F9TsKmZhnf3Hay8p/s320/IMG_3047.JPG" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmbIil42igGlBKefVhTGkouQIsN-bVGBiJQ19F3HNXnIz3d2NeYgxgUd17ZFGgIpNEpxBYW1jbGsTOBQ2E9Ol-mJODI1OMO7-jKk1WzM6Sl5EK5msPR_FewyViJrtHnYz0n_eFalcmkFLD/s320/IMG_3011.JPG" /></div><div style="text-align: center;">This flower has the same floral symmetry as the previous family. What is it?</div><div style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiydd7KV9_1yYVsOwolcCeog8LuEM4xqSH7HHdsasnwttb8kqt4GK_JbxZNf_5I1JrrC6qf5BVUPiq8CqFO4_5wEANbgLqB8UZyfcsZP-hJGAupUu2MByZkI-0ApJ4OCe2aMn6JfWUMY6Mc/s320/IMG_3013.JPG" /></div><div style="text-align: center;">A side view of the same flower.</div><div style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVaBicFvl4_YsnX1S_2mUPu_YTDbsY1aCsE5w_GNpizAzLI-z0sVqkAB2Z7pfDn06XsMMj_cSsjSaw-2p-eruKYvf0WdBSiEnqk-pTuObtlDFm50Zq0S2f_-CxRGvAg65krU8jgWssyPEx/s320/IMG_3017.JPG" /></div><div style="text-align: center;">Can you name all the floral parts in this photo? </div><div style="text-align: center;">Banner (pink), wings (white), keel (greenish), sepals. </div><div style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmsSesj9x3Iz1boW5VO-R6CWoa81FugqNla6daxFB96WEdDAG25Grlhd5YmJVNos_ao59XL6fpCAl6xeon_TQn9r-vRCSZ75FB52yZ4l9krb8HFKM-RjQfkBTnlaRpF3DQ0pUYnXiCX5R3/s320/IMG_3019.JPG" /></div><div style="text-align: center;">How many sepals? One of them is a bit hidden due the angle this photo was taken.</div><div style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhwY2T8bpLEurb6UGy4MmcW4Pt0smLqWTTC1Xhyphenhyphenygk1VZHdT1O-EEM1bopq0JBykA__ifp1BQdUwccbnqWi68VqoW0d6Mf_Xed1nnViFhuaQ3ulIV36qM6LNyxMt4XgmeJAfzCGs2pCXwj/s320/IMG_3027.JPG" /></div><div style="text-align: center;">I think this is the most stamen we've seen in a single flower thus far. Fused stamens - the fatter part that stamens are joined to.</div><div style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJkVLDLtxAPJQwvrPrdePIT9UNbimt3X0yAXkmMeCDWINvtwHRfarag85BB7xFzu-FQASmmLX9ppV9WpAYsPX9aMYQqL6e_LrTx-Cou050qJqLaLFQPWzxS6206rqGWB-Q8Qniz55q4bEq/s320/IMG_3022.JPG" /></div><div style="text-align: center;">That is all for the 3 families!</div><div style="text-align: center;"><br />
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</div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">Bonus family! <b>CHENOPODIACEAE</b></span></div><div style="text-align: center;">---</div><div style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAovOmJ1kx_4VU7gvG24cipf9V4mLBvk8YwpWN0EMycCCyGqAzY7trBKGnLyNmq4ne-_M_ZNzuHW6JRZ4ARv8MIWzFmKeTzWJf-Mso20oD98jK2o69dGYrmF9A56_S9zEUOYIzIweZqvc7/s1600/IMG_3040.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAovOmJ1kx_4VU7gvG24cipf9V4mLBvk8YwpWN0EMycCCyGqAzY7trBKGnLyNmq4ne-_M_ZNzuHW6JRZ4ARv8MIWzFmKeTzWJf-Mso20oD98jK2o69dGYrmF9A56_S9zEUOYIzIweZqvc7/s320/IMG_3040.JPG" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">Unfortunely, I do not have much information on this family. If anyone wants to label the above photo of a Quinoa and leave it in the comments that would be great.</div>Midyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04616902851680475958noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8415683667634005657.post-22045608619643030232010-07-18T20:16:00.000-07:002010-07-18T23:22:51.272-07:00LAB 4<div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">CUCURBITACEAE</span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: small;">---</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMkHImlC_IAOud1RTcfBOYuvLUD0OiTJvVKOnkgc5MWiGy4CKiN4pMHDPUqnmXliGA3Kf0w48JHbgrXcDMnNiCurtt53EohP1PMhk3H26e7tOKNhmqtfgQ6a-Df3TblC9zDcxXBXCln5Y8/s1600/IMG_2904.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br />
</a><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAPfzjh_clKVYO5_C4Kgl2Wct40JcNiIm5OUHbXpy8JuozqWDW8CMIY-mTNSVE54GtoNOnbTaz3fGKd3zhSSaazuh46bledPgCtCfS1tkeXjuDSsGW4bktyVeYbKXSXgDUgyvhKfdwzyhP/s400/IMG_2904.JPG" width="336" /></div><div style="text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiI8vpWUvMlLoQDaczizkT7nsIzwTc9NBh6cr8Ih8GEqglHu9EYlkT_lapF5solfAUtUnL4nKjSZnbiw6GIqeXpUzxihuGlCTZWpF5mv05hTSrHFCcgrPC-qA4slVG1-eckEK74btEzx3uP/s1600/IMG_2906.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiI8vpWUvMlLoQDaczizkT7nsIzwTc9NBh6cr8Ih8GEqglHu9EYlkT_lapF5solfAUtUnL4nKjSZnbiw6GIqeXpUzxihuGlCTZWpF5mv05hTSrHFCcgrPC-qA4slVG1-eckEK74btEzx3uP/s320/IMG_2906.JPG" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: small;">The flower on this plant was droopy and the number of petals were difficult to count, so the top half was removed. </span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: small;">Only one of the 2 sex organs is found, what's the term used to describe this?</span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br />
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</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2-5rgJ2xUTgjPt1bcNk8-PIGzDfEogcdAOo2z1of8b1OpjcF1Zw4XdMzhaG5zZ3S0Q1tsMMs_inaagfSNIxGS0igKc7Hq928IbCEo4kQyi5A-8cY9gTzH21QGscYEnY46yu2N_GSKJm1R/s1600/IMG_2918.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2-5rgJ2xUTgjPt1bcNk8-PIGzDfEogcdAOo2z1of8b1OpjcF1Zw4XdMzhaG5zZ3S0Q1tsMMs_inaagfSNIxGS0igKc7Hq928IbCEo4kQyi5A-8cY9gTzH21QGscYEnY46yu2N_GSKJm1R/s320/IMG_2918.JPG" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: small;"> Cross section through a cucumber and a zucchini. 3 fused carpels can be seen here.</span> </span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br />
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</div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">SOLANACEAE</span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: small;">---</span> </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOgbbV56p1FaTOcIY05VvoV06O60gSwww-uqBOqWNthEPpWS_bkzV9-EwBIkrTBHSf5vLNAL9RcKFy5Uz4B30VAdzJBiTpX1kZta5oPIVw9qtH56a7ztHpbmbtx7RrmO71TtRka7egH5de/s1600/IMG_2923.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOgbbV56p1FaTOcIY05VvoV06O60gSwww-uqBOqWNthEPpWS_bkzV9-EwBIkrTBHSf5vLNAL9RcKFy5Uz4B30VAdzJBiTpX1kZta5oPIVw9qtH56a7ztHpbmbtx7RrmO71TtRka7egH5de/s320/IMG_2923.JPG" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"> Here is a flower of Petunia. What is one characteristic that tell you it's a member of the Solanaceae family?</div><div style="text-align: center;">What does the term "actinomorphic" describe?</div><div style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: center;">The next 2 photos shows the back end of the same flower. Note the number of sepals; are they free or fused?</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieDTz5llzndBxPD9DyJP4n0y2yJBaLqwtsfH4GCZ9OHT044Yr_0VH98eKXpoy5xjwIKJ-KQU_zN4WFXX6UGbHFhyphenhyphen3hy61tyJTMXB_AfjqhhfMbNDGsAyZycz3X6AVN4yt6sEtF3weNoagY/s1600/IMG_2924.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieDTz5llzndBxPD9DyJP4n0y2yJBaLqwtsfH4GCZ9OHT044Yr_0VH98eKXpoy5xjwIKJ-KQU_zN4WFXX6UGbHFhyphenhyphen3hy61tyJTMXB_AfjqhhfMbNDGsAyZycz3X6AVN4yt6sEtF3weNoagY/s320/IMG_2924.JPG" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiGYtDrPtnbFbcBAiSF-XJ-2AGgv6X59QYDuUcIDcvreLhiuxhi-T-LMVZ4QnA-UZWqjrR0ipjwdO0aL60gphmfMrK77yX7I-BkKPaEmp9yx8yA3pSrvnuDnp01JR7JwJ9_G5N0BAAgsuX/s1600/IMG_2926.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiGYtDrPtnbFbcBAiSF-XJ-2AGgv6X59QYDuUcIDcvreLhiuxhi-T-LMVZ4QnA-UZWqjrR0ipjwdO0aL60gphmfMrK77yX7I-BkKPaEmp9yx8yA3pSrvnuDnp01JR7JwJ9_G5N0BAAgsuX/s320/IMG_2926.JPG" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjj9U_xiR1cjs_YmXrkcaS28iX8NzpIC79LN56ePO2frcsgyQvkq2lTSiq8y_NMz3Y1KORKHZkDI8MZ3OG2ofi0tg7Ba0u_EkF4NKehgKg4G0__KDTQ0dhAby330yi6KkAZUHDLTWWr24wc/s1600/IMG_2929.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjj9U_xiR1cjs_YmXrkcaS28iX8NzpIC79LN56ePO2frcsgyQvkq2lTSiq8y_NMz3Y1KORKHZkDI8MZ3OG2ofi0tg7Ba0u_EkF4NKehgKg4G0__KDTQ0dhAby330yi6KkAZUHDLTWWr24wc/s320/IMG_2929.JPG" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">Cross section through the same flower reveals 5 stamens.</div><div style="text-align: center;">(not quite sure where the stigma + style went...I probably dropped/lost it)</div><div style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGy99n0NbcZ4rGnq2XNWZ9_QOPn6oLZDpaJDYlh6KT0Lqgccy7YxStdhk6y-JRMkY4037u3BDPt9Vu2L4SIazrl8Hg_N6f_mB3vjfDZFm4RsQ7CDcEF_qnNPvcsMja5zF8hB2NQhow_sYV/s1600/IMG_2937.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGy99n0NbcZ4rGnq2XNWZ9_QOPn6oLZDpaJDYlh6KT0Lqgccy7YxStdhk6y-JRMkY4037u3BDPt9Vu2L4SIazrl8Hg_N6f_mB3vjfDZFm4RsQ7CDcEF_qnNPvcsMja5zF8hB2NQhow_sYV/s320/IMG_2937.JPG" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">Another cross section, and this one has its stigma + style.</div><div style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjs0gccx8lLjWjJJA5lR41bODRhPHmbD5hjiQz_A3x5xtXHjq_2dj0tFLrZPb3DiPF20TShD8AMaYUBGpSRjdS77Pb6YCAGC71uu47Iaaya8Qgzt3HYjHz_7b8A2__trIkuIG1YdfqDSKoU/s1600/IMG_2862.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjs0gccx8lLjWjJJA5lR41bODRhPHmbD5hjiQz_A3x5xtXHjq_2dj0tFLrZPb3DiPF20TShD8AMaYUBGpSRjdS77Pb6YCAGC71uu47Iaaya8Qgzt3HYjHz_7b8A2__trIkuIG1YdfqDSKoU/s320/IMG_2862.JPG" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">Cross section through an unripened tomato reveals 2 carpels.</div><div style="text-align: center;"><br />
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</div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">Brassicaceae</span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: small;">---</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPyws15vBG19Df0s7rup62YxRKeWQ2WrOuhHyFBeCQeL_ysa7RPGnCKS4finE7Mfla2IwRUa_SkUCZZJDXlr2MoD51CfRK2XY850MiqnV8oOxSvyvoHIuVXOPNeLp7Tul0-VwONC5hDeJO/s1600/IMG_2908.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPyws15vBG19Df0s7rup62YxRKeWQ2WrOuhHyFBeCQeL_ysa7RPGnCKS4finE7Mfla2IwRUa_SkUCZZJDXlr2MoD51CfRK2XY850MiqnV8oOxSvyvoHIuVXOPNeLp7Tul0-VwONC5hDeJO/s320/IMG_2908.JPG" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span> </span>This family is known as the crucifers; why is that? hint - check out their petals</div><div style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkFqnH6GGstKuMlYpyDAXW71YJCsOptgHoPQex2CGuNvR2yiXA39eeNfJQGzAJ0MTOj1LFNZqPD8SzUcvN4cXc4Fgv0MjmTV73vVaYxj5Ru2xsDV-Kl3kSTSV062SrOHkUeaA-BCyhY6JC/s320/IMG_2912.JPG" /></div><div style="text-align: center;">The flower contains both stamens and pistil; therefore, it is a "perfect" flower.</div><div style="text-align: center;"><br />
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</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1Biugxq9N3-OSInTRAHrVoRpIEDsIXZ4s1Zm0H4_9t5QdbPVVrd3x6g1uNO9QdupQLtlLsB-7sGMdkrsVKREhCBG-VAnQ4f5NRtF6JCvSQXj6z6nLpNqaeo3U6J6mtvXoOG6aIIXMkKPa/s1600/IMG_2910.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1Biugxq9N3-OSInTRAHrVoRpIEDsIXZ4s1Zm0H4_9t5QdbPVVrd3x6g1uNO9QdupQLtlLsB-7sGMdkrsVKREhCBG-VAnQ4f5NRtF6JCvSQXj6z6nLpNqaeo3U6J6mtvXoOG6aIIXMkKPa/s320/IMG_2910.JPG" /></a></div><br />
<div style="text-align: center;"> The 4 sepals of the flower. They are considered "free" because they broke off individually.</div><div style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0V2P25tp804q4HhVsgEnXBHRkagdmsN_eSj7h_wc2aiNjO6U6BI1f7RGo8LwqcQsnCGrGPC9UUYFVkFRG1UmIo6r80nawGMjy4GxumM-o7WM0kQNrHanVuj3EeXLgc0Nq_fpielwIjG2Z/s1600/IMG_2888.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0V2P25tp804q4HhVsgEnXBHRkagdmsN_eSj7h_wc2aiNjO6U6BI1f7RGo8LwqcQsnCGrGPC9UUYFVkFRG1UmIo6r80nawGMjy4GxumM-o7WM0kQNrHanVuj3EeXLgc0Nq_fpielwIjG2Z/s320/IMG_2888.JPG" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">The root of a Wasabi plant</div><div style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjflwh-HHGtqLuA0dpvaVTUiaKGTBFARlOWkJpKmuxvXoSo8QUHxMsZxgTNnREq-XNEHjdDWqwLW-smyV6XANzdfvFT_2uHx_aYQ1YWIlOltb_lSY7tZm1xemtamjn2H6X2mwT43URaT7rk/s320/IMG_2915.JPG" /></div><div style="text-align: center;">Some leaves from this family</div>Midyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04616902851680475958noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8415683667634005657.post-62632999658635418662010-07-15T17:44:00.000-07:002010-07-22T23:17:37.507-07:00LAB 3<span style="font-size:180%;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">FLOWERS</span><br /></span><ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;">flowers are the defining features of the angiosperms</span></li><li><span style="font-size:85%;">flowers are </span><span style="font-weight: bold;font-size:85%;" >NOT</span><span style="font-size:85%;"> organs - there are only </span><span style="font-weight: bold;font-size:85%;" >THREE</span><span style="font-size:85%;"> organs in plants (root, stem, leaf)<br /></span></li><li><span style="font-size:85%;">flowers are considered to be a modified branch system</span></li></ul><span style="font-size:130%;">General Terminology</span><br /><ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;">Perfect Flower - a flower with both male and female reproductive parts</span></li><li><span style="font-size:85%;">Imperfect Flower - a flower with either male or female reproductive parts</span></li><li><span style="font-size:85%;">Staminate Flower - a male flower</span></li><li><span style="font-size:85%;">Carpellate Flower - a female flower</span></li><li><span style="font-size:85%;">Monoecious - plants which have male and female flowers on a single individual (bisexual plants, both male and female on the same plant)<br /></span></li><li><span style="font-size:85%;">Dioecious - plants which have male and female flowers on separate individuals (male and female plants)</span></li></ul><span style="font-size:180%;">MORPHOLOGY<br /></span><ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;">Review the lab manual to be able you can name and identify the functions of all floral parts</span><br /></li></ul><span style="font-size:180%;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:16px;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIKLwLSOAL80BWAC3HQ8TI6LF2v64Nb4q33Ytx-nwwr6GY8IAj0LUZXTyF8-QOMGK4aphJnrlKytTMejfpoUl5WR9UhBea37u53qcDrQ-rfHFqnYIXVDMFXWPEgl4FQRA5S8A4eqaczNg/s1600/FlowerCrossDiagram.jpg"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIKLwLSOAL80BWAC3HQ8TI6LF2v64Nb4q33Ytx-nwwr6GY8IAj0LUZXTyF8-QOMGK4aphJnrlKytTMejfpoUl5WR9UhBea37u53qcDrQ-rfHFqnYIXVDMFXWPEgl4FQRA5S8A4eqaczNg/s400/FlowerCrossDiagram.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5496980661507096178" style="cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 271px;" border="0" /></a></span><br /></span></span><span style="font-size:85%;">This diagrams the basic morphology of a typical flower.</span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Not all flowers have parts like this - often parts are reduced, highly specialized or even absent.</span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Also, the number of floral parts varies greatly.</span><br /><span style="font-size:180%;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /></span></span></span><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiprhhBcbfrEyWlZHum693mrMCZ-wFQvc8Az1sKN_qf-1IPo0QEzeh-N490R82WtcMJ3YVkLGY-PrlXIyOHtNGEC-pV9Y4Ot6pCyPSzMHcRm6qxvAnf7lwk6IpNf26jgGhdauvZ_QAO8Do/s1600/HypericumTop.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 268px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiprhhBcbfrEyWlZHum693mrMCZ-wFQvc8Az1sKN_qf-1IPo0QEzeh-N490R82WtcMJ3YVkLGY-PrlXIyOHtNGEC-pV9Y4Ot6pCyPSzMHcRm6qxvAnf7lwk6IpNf26jgGhdauvZ_QAO8Do/s400/HypericumTop.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5496962114695784082" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">This is a top view of <span style="font-style: italic;">Hypericum</span>. Note the numerous stamens.</span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Is this flower actinomorphic or zygomorphic?</span><br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0lThzi6vUjQbcOdmdMoeO_stA3gGzBYzhZMRKd0EI6TJ73rn2XB9cOTwsYCn47ZDGXPGdvngmhnf1HTo71D91msn9hFQ9aXQPcAH8qM00zrJJDpbHPvwrdQjigMuNrLVIRCfMz8QAYGI/s1600/HypericumCross.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 304px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0lThzi6vUjQbcOdmdMoeO_stA3gGzBYzhZMRKd0EI6TJ73rn2XB9cOTwsYCn47ZDGXPGdvngmhnf1HTo71D91msn9hFQ9aXQPcAH8qM00zrJJDpbHPvwrdQjigMuNrLVIRCfMz8QAYGI/s400/HypericumCross.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5496962780417870098" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">This is a cross section through <span style="font-style: italic;">Hypericum</span>. Is this flower perfect or imperfect? Do the terms staminate and/or carpellate apply to this flower?</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(204, 51, 204);font-size:78%;" ><span style="font-family:arial;">NOTE: I spelled Receptacle incorrectly in the diagram.</span></span><br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHz1OVk6Rgs6EDjhhajDs0ID71mmGjMqUHQcGatzu2iZtnWvt6jK2ab8oT5QmeEpElCE0TjrIfUDRQPW9Mr4KvzPyz6bprj2ZhTpidvbGqflClfM4vmlNjZV6mk4DBCfQ9XV-b9M39r8k/s1600/HypericumCarpel.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 284px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHz1OVk6Rgs6EDjhhajDs0ID71mmGjMqUHQcGatzu2iZtnWvt6jK2ab8oT5QmeEpElCE0TjrIfUDRQPW9Mr4KvzPyz6bprj2ZhTpidvbGqflClfM4vmlNjZV6mk4DBCfQ9XV-b9M39r8k/s400/HypericumCarpel.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5496962343732752338" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">This is a cross-section through the ovary of <span style="font-style: italic;">Hypericum</span>.<br />Can you distinguish the 5 carpels?<br />The ovules are in axile placentation - what are other types of placentation you know of?</span><br /><br /><br /><br /><span style="font-size:180%;">POSITION OF OVARY</span><ul><li>There are 2 ways in which an ovary can be positioned.<br /></li><li>It can either be above the stamens, petals and sepals (superior)</li><li>It can be below these three parts (inferior).</li></ul><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgV3HKCb-ZMnC-nVJ3bopeeQMSUkR9WmEkZkCfVwy_C8CFdxAI9nKnhyU9MX88bZRZd2gr8V8s2YGK89ILOiNPRssW6th9G7Xa1MclwKXqO5pQTsIl8wtxdI3ASuBcfeY_i4xrf5aYRmKI/s1600/SuperiorOvary.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 316px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgV3HKCb-ZMnC-nVJ3bopeeQMSUkR9WmEkZkCfVwy_C8CFdxAI9nKnhyU9MX88bZRZd2gr8V8s2YGK89ILOiNPRssW6th9G7Xa1MclwKXqO5pQTsIl8wtxdI3ASuBcfeY_i4xrf5aYRmKI/s400/SuperiorOvary.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5496968490593762434" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">A superior ovary.</span><br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJIKC2eZPsdCis_yoHEr-jN7ir0u15KpP8S59cxEIij_yjLcAA0UjaYmGNR5f3WNhQeb22NTkWhA5IdLdZqWYohrBdG6tA_f8NX-WZ2NiYaW94WAIB3iLbMZYdNcDrnmlTZtab5DvYJx8/s1600/InferiorOvary.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 361px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJIKC2eZPsdCis_yoHEr-jN7ir0u15KpP8S59cxEIij_yjLcAA0UjaYmGNR5f3WNhQeb22NTkWhA5IdLdZqWYohrBdG6tA_f8NX-WZ2NiYaW94WAIB3iLbMZYdNcDrnmlTZtab5DvYJx8/s400/InferiorOvary.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5496968535919368290" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">An inferior ovary.</span><br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/webb/bot311/bot311-00/Angiosperm/PerigynousFlrWholeLab.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 342px; height: 406px;" src="http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/webb/bot311/bot311-00/Angiosperm/PerigynousFlrWholeLab.jpg" alt="" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">A superior ovary can be within a hypanthium. Because a hypanthium is a fusion of sepals, petals and stamens and originates under the ovary, even though it looks like an inferior ovary, it is indeed superior.</span><br /><span style="font-size:78%;"><span style="color: rgb(204, 102, 204);">Thank you to David Webb of the University of Haiwaii for this diagram.</span></span><br /><br /><br /><br /><span style="font-size:180%;">COMPOSITE FLOWERS<br /></span><ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;">Often flowers are arranged in an inflorescence</span></li><li><span style="font-size:85%;">An inflorescence is simply the manner of arrangement of flowers on a particular plant</span></li><li><span style="font-size:85%;">In the composite flowers,<span style="font-style: italic;"><span style="font-style: italic;"> <span style="font-style: italic;"><span style="font-style: italic;"><span style="font-style: italic;"><span style="font-style: italic;"></span></span></span></span></span></span>Asteraceae, the flowers are arranged in a radial head.</span></li></ul><span style="color: rgb(204, 102, 204);font-size:78%;" >NOTE: because this family will be covered in LAB 6, there will be only basic information here.<br /></span><span style="font-size:180%;"><br /></span><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjO6Gndn7H9w1mMbEjPfcneIOUV7ftDwbtm31JWtAPSwYsj1COraZb8mEzIzsdvvSVQjV8yO5h8O2vF6yZH9wiDhXjIz6oQ_q8ZqSWsFIub2278lJT9njVcczaEACUwkMfYr2AMBvObMjY/s1600/CompTop.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 297px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjO6Gndn7H9w1mMbEjPfcneIOUV7ftDwbtm31JWtAPSwYsj1COraZb8mEzIzsdvvSVQjV8yO5h8O2vF6yZH9wiDhXjIz6oQ_q8ZqSWsFIub2278lJT9njVcczaEACUwkMfYr2AMBvObMjY/s400/CompTop.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5496970555648637058" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">This picture shows the two types of flowers (or florets) found in a composite head.<br />The disk flowers contain the male and female reproductive organs (perfect).<br />The ray flowers contain the showy petals and only female reproductive organs (carpellate).</span><br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJeyStWz10HWPIgjh5WC-yBzW2jKHp_HftnIL4AEZblBAygVh9wDimubdHiFhhg0HmR9rMAJxdnpSCJ9gLzCOyH6cONEU4GuZkR6VDow3qFsRt35E_15SR7LdldWSQq7Mv_uGmKBFGRk8/s1600/CompCross.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 238px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJeyStWz10HWPIgjh5WC-yBzW2jKHp_HftnIL4AEZblBAygVh9wDimubdHiFhhg0HmR9rMAJxdnpSCJ9gLzCOyH6cONEU4GuZkR6VDow3qFsRt35E_15SR7LdldWSQq7Mv_uGmKBFGRk8/s400/CompCross.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5496971850731730002" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Cross-section through a sunflower. Compare this to the diagram on page 33 of the lab manual.</span><br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgzrzQaMrETqeCuNWFCPmFJmLlTEU7Y6g3QHwhEa5GubP73FwH6FGtezxrMjc-CCHb2u0zPCagKWZtcKOUTMRZyMFnh1MCrWH4ru2TtRiwXtDwoGDCgIXPUmi0cyu6ykqyJyrdZuu8Pdc/s1600/CompFlowerClose.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 342px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgzrzQaMrETqeCuNWFCPmFJmLlTEU7Y6g3QHwhEa5GubP73FwH6FGtezxrMjc-CCHb2u0zPCagKWZtcKOUTMRZyMFnh1MCrWH4ru2TtRiwXtDwoGDCgIXPUmi0cyu6ykqyJyrdZuu8Pdc/s400/CompFlowerClose.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5496973619831910274" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Compare this picture to the diagram of the disk flower on page 33 of the lab manual.<br />Keep in mind how much variation is possible and that diagrams never perfectly match all species within a particular family. The lab exam will most definitely contain LIVE material, it is important to be able to understand a diagram and then apply it to live specimens.</span><br /><br /><br /><span style="font-size:180%;">MONOCOTS VERSUS EUDICOTS<br /></span><ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;">Monocots generally have flower parts in multiples of 3's</span></li><li><span style="font-size:85%;">Eudicots generally have flower parts in multiples of 4's or 5's</span></li></ul>In lab we were asked to distinguish between cross sections of a eudicot and a monocot flower.<br />The explanation on how to do this is diagrammed below.<br /><br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPfItk0iBbJCAQdjyTa9u-BrK3YcTVELNbFIlhcdsS_V68fp22ykMOVNhXadlhRJCh-OTgVlzyA_nt6N88F8BYd3-N3R6Al1mMtSTj4DaP_vyBndoeJyDP8IeF_vQJSA9-Y0nmHHUINbg/s1600/monoVSeudi.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 624px; height: 255px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPfItk0iBbJCAQdjyTa9u-BrK3YcTVELNbFIlhcdsS_V68fp22ykMOVNhXadlhRJCh-OTgVlzyA_nt6N88F8BYd3-N3R6Al1mMtSTj4DaP_vyBndoeJyDP8IeF_vQJSA9-Y0nmHHUINbg/s400/monoVSeudi.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5496976534836855106" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Click to enlarge.<br /><br />These are the raw slides, as they would appear under a microscope.</span><br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDcBIOsE-dQ31S-rSUv4SuJGkT6R0w4CF21VfnYMt_Intw2unGjPuvgqv_XUnuX0w_4hL9nYDlZ_N07GMVAxg7moJv6ouoi2s3a6c9K6xR5xClefyM5r_8UVc9wT_-mGaUIYyCZAWvc-I/s1600/monoVSeudi_exp.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 619px; height: 253px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDcBIOsE-dQ31S-rSUv4SuJGkT6R0w4CF21VfnYMt_Intw2unGjPuvgqv_XUnuX0w_4hL9nYDlZ_N07GMVAxg7moJv6ouoi2s3a6c9K6xR5xClefyM5r_8UVc9wT_-mGaUIYyCZAWvc-I/s400/monoVSeudi_exp.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5496976786576836418" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Click to enlarge.<br /></span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">This is a simple way of going about this:<br /><br />The right slide is likely the monocot because of the the three distinct carpels visible in the middle.<br /><br />The left side only has two carpels, and thus since this is neither a multiple of 3, 4 or 5 -> we can't use that quick rule to distinguish it. However, instead of using carpels, I have highlighted the sepals, of which there are 4. You can do the same for the petals. Because there are 4 sepals, this is likely the eudicot.</span><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><span style="font-size:180%;">POP QUIZ</span><br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://i744.photobucket.com/albums/xx84/theultimateduo/P-P%20July%2014%20-%20Lab%203/IMG_2852.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 443px; height: 301px;" src="http://i744.photobucket.com/albums/xx84/theultimateduo/P-P%20July%2014%20-%20Lab%203/IMG_2852.jpg" alt="" border="0" /></a><br />Can you describe the ovary positions in these three flowers?Doughttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12108423571018594135noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8415683667634005657.post-11669808040539481792010-07-12T01:30:00.000-07:002010-07-22T20:59:21.430-07:00LAB 2<span style="font-weight: bold;font-size:180%;" >LEAVES</span><br /><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size:180%;"></span><ul><li><span style="font-size:78%;">one of the three organs of plants</span></li><li><span style="font-size:78%;">contains the photosynthetic material</span></li><li><span style="font-size:78%;">many, many forms of leaves exist</span></li><li><span style="font-size:78%;">general structure includes: epidermis, vascular system and "filler" ground tissue</span></li><li><span style="font-size:78%;">three main parts of the leaf include: base, petiole, and blade</span></li></ul><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikgM5NGGkrbYqgh1ocNjlT2nEuFx25uQzPIroLGD0L6fI6YlNPFxc3rJbR4BUWetneE2Odx6qD3udS6tYETbL2ZmRKZLEl8CdkW20ZdxkKb6uYSBepTptAKL7p8Na8bmCW3xhOuGXrdEM/s1600/leafdiagram.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikgM5NGGkrbYqgh1ocNjlT2nEuFx25uQzPIroLGD0L6fI6YlNPFxc3rJbR4BUWetneE2Odx6qD3udS6tYETbL2ZmRKZLEl8CdkW20ZdxkKb6uYSBepTptAKL7p8Na8bmCW3xhOuGXrdEM/s400/leafdiagram.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5496946306119336706" border="0" /></a><br />My <i>very</i> artistic diagram of the main parts of a leaf.<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-95QouiINEGN8X1yGtQD6PAhG0K1roeAZ71BupgGzmZV4AjjPam80zwU4MAA2pDCcPLAlR0baMwjUo5qWyR05X1Kh0M6qHyYnwIwg-NIvgTaFRRnpfxP3P7K-h0zzWrApky95E3bLeOQ/s1600/LeafAnatomyLive.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 280px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-95QouiINEGN8X1yGtQD6PAhG0K1roeAZ71BupgGzmZV4AjjPam80zwU4MAA2pDCcPLAlR0baMwjUo5qWyR05X1Kh0M6qHyYnwIwg-NIvgTaFRRnpfxP3P7K-h0zzWrApky95E3bLeOQ/s400/LeafAnatomyLive.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5493229771825034514" border="0" /></a><br />Here is a cross-section of a leaf (live material).<br />The fibres are stained with toludine blue so you can easily see them.<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3xRG8-1qvczQT9ApZ91TF9VkvcSyjSI2Jn9Lv_EhdFOnUd5-d7CJ6I8uenQ24YXQma8TxyPc5QPqnFRwnQM_-GLEQW11WBtvhiBxRMag6kB15MzeFxsPRaU6Lal6u3QtatM4jZLLpU9E/s1600/LeafAnatomyPrep.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 295px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3xRG8-1qvczQT9ApZ91TF9VkvcSyjSI2Jn9Lv_EhdFOnUd5-d7CJ6I8uenQ24YXQma8TxyPc5QPqnFRwnQM_-GLEQW11WBtvhiBxRMag6kB15MzeFxsPRaU6Lal6u3QtatM4jZLLpU9E/s400/LeafAnatomyPrep.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5493231055948019746" border="0" /></a><br />This prepared slide shows the two mesophyll layers very nicely. The palisade mesophyll is where the majority of the photosynthesis occurs.<br /><br />Can you explain the organization of the palisade mesophyll layer? Think about their cell shape, and how tightly they are packed together. Compare this with the spongy mesophyll, why is one layer less tightly packed?<br /><br /><br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9sV1TYco7I1VMaekyYni-06YouMk4FY21pDFgy-BQE02MbeLLbSqaicDpb3VA4ozkoxTD7To7kQaxQw6qUoXu9CAr0UgeAuk-TBlnP3XRJXbDVE0sbusJJ1IQg57xv-UFBGlNwbY3_TY/s1600/LeafAnatomyLive2.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 233px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9sV1TYco7I1VMaekyYni-06YouMk4FY21pDFgy-BQE02MbeLLbSqaicDpb3VA4ozkoxTD7To7kQaxQw6qUoXu9CAr0UgeAuk-TBlnP3XRJXbDVE0sbusJJ1IQg57xv-UFBGlNwbY3_TY/s400/LeafAnatomyLive2.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5493230037709791394" border="0" /></a><br />Here is another cross section through live material (<span style="font-style: italic;">Lonicera</span>), can you identify A B C and D?<br /><br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKfuwtPP9JjurHQWpwkb5KQD4JUCKyob_NILjvgWVdrc2tL1IWleXvPU8sOEydSV1M-tD8UzqqQmRYN5oMm4IKHMH9eLgBwREHRy6VaNtSmcC8F8GTd0rZpBcOk68QqVxPfHcFfBKANrE/s1600/LeafAnatomyMonocotFibres.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 231px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKfuwtPP9JjurHQWpwkb5KQD4JUCKyob_NILjvgWVdrc2tL1IWleXvPU8sOEydSV1M-tD8UzqqQmRYN5oMm4IKHMH9eLgBwREHRy6VaNtSmcC8F8GTd0rZpBcOk68QqVxPfHcFfBKANrE/s400/LeafAnatomyMonocotFibres.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5493233028542894882" border="0" /></a><br />Here is a section through a monocot leaf, this is <span style="font-style: italic;">Phormium tenax</span> or New Zealand flax or hemp.<br />The white circles show the many structural (aka hard) fibres found in monocots.<br />The red circles show the vascular bundles.<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOGRpbXGXKKKWfLZfH4c80egHifeZ8dHrr7U40IBaJVSnKLEOGExfFdJ66031E89MgjaJirmntuVF0UlAJh-FX-5M8Hy475vemX5xBdg_QvhMJXdqswSd34mYLxSP0h90yo2dD4hemvME/s1600/Pitcher1.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOGRpbXGXKKKWfLZfH4c80egHifeZ8dHrr7U40IBaJVSnKLEOGExfFdJ66031E89MgjaJirmntuVF0UlAJh-FX-5M8Hy475vemX5xBdg_QvhMJXdqswSd34mYLxSP0h90yo2dD4hemvME/s400/Pitcher1.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5493236946550922642" border="0" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyXA2rEtKySKVf6dhUPckH4iEPEAmV_VhVip0Fxj4ET0tHLyoKZUGA7XhUYQ7NxTPkQy_nH2RkvH8btAUal_oDXO3V4-_-DTg-lCgaCqaTs2Pl5nsegn1vxinazAJkC4r8p6nkAVi8Hhw/s1600/pitcher2.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyXA2rEtKySKVf6dhUPckH4iEPEAmV_VhVip0Fxj4ET0tHLyoKZUGA7XhUYQ7NxTPkQy_nH2RkvH8btAUal_oDXO3V4-_-DTg-lCgaCqaTs2Pl5nsegn1vxinazAJkC4r8p6nkAVi8Hhw/s400/pitcher2.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5493237042332871090" border="0" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqXe5co5u6rfJFJJdg2CV7CNLMmtuZRlZldqGlgEtl_TszbW7CvoTUguKUxHSDhznOKUYQFOJkVTtBsoLS4uXuNsgaWOop9Rehm8BTRGwvGdY6m41wajbAA3U0ziu2j8mDb1LYp_1u3Yg/s1600/pitcher3.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqXe5co5u6rfJFJJdg2CV7CNLMmtuZRlZldqGlgEtl_TszbW7CvoTUguKUxHSDhznOKUYQFOJkVTtBsoLS4uXuNsgaWOop9Rehm8BTRGwvGdY6m41wajbAA3U0ziu2j8mDb1LYp_1u3Yg/s400/pitcher3.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5493237127529670194" border="0" /></a><br />The goodies inside our pitcher plant. Why do pitcher plants bother catching insects? What does this tell you about the importance different chemicals in soil?<br /><br /><br /><br />Leaves come in a variety of shapes, sizes and forms. Please see the link below for more information about the different forms of leaves, the diagrams are extremely clear, concise and accurate. There is hardly any description (no big words), so it's a good site if you just want a quick and dirty way of learning about plant structure.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.vplants.org/plants/glossary/plate02.html">http://www.vplants.org/plants/glossary/plate02.html</a><br /><br />Can you think of useful ways in which humans utilize leaves? If you have any interesting facts please comment and share with us.<br /><br /><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;font-size:180%;" >ROOTS</span><br /><ul><li><span style="font-size:78%;">one of the three organs of plants</span></li><li><span style="font-size:78%;">contains the starch storing cells<br /></span></li><li><span style="font-size:78%;">many roots hairs which pull water and nutrients into the plant root<br /></span></li><li><span style="font-size:78%;">general structure includes: epidermis, cortex, endodermis, pericycle, phloem and xylem<br /></span></li><li><span style="font-size:78%;">roots of large plants often form symbiotic relationships with mycorrhizal fungi</span></li></ul><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://bio1151.nicerweb.com/Locked/media/ch35/35_12PrimaryRootGrowth.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 499px; height: 444px;" src="http://bio1151.nicerweb.com/Locked/media/ch35/35_12PrimaryRootGrowth.jpg" alt="" border="0" /></a><br />This diagram illustrates the different parts of a primary root visible in a longitudinal section.<br />Note that "vascular cylinder" is synonymous with "stele".</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">What is the root cap and why is it so important to plants?<br /><br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://www.nicerweb.com/bio1151/Locked/media/ch38/38_10SeedGermination-dicot.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 501px; height: 328px;" src="http://www.nicerweb.com/bio1151/Locked/media/ch38/38_10SeedGermination-dicot.jpg" alt="" border="0" /></a><br />This diagram shows a common garden bean germinating into a seedling.<br /><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">What is the function of the cotyledons?</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKzaVqqGDRvA_lXUqmZiNMOCJ6E0jYQj1R1_RxkhiiXTFz2FXT0HXHW8iiEhAcT0qa8Hyk058VV0wHna1xgcPlSO-6NydQ5TUmssfEi3CDwSFkI8Gr5eGXseNoJRbUGiftwgMzsLUsCgc/s1600/RootLateralBranching1.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 280px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKzaVqqGDRvA_lXUqmZiNMOCJ6E0jYQj1R1_RxkhiiXTFz2FXT0HXHW8iiEhAcT0qa8Hyk058VV0wHna1xgcPlSO-6NydQ5TUmssfEi3CDwSFkI8Gr5eGXseNoJRbUGiftwgMzsLUsCgc/s400/RootLateralBranching1.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5493602347900051490" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Raphanus</span> seedling root. Notice the lateral branching off the main root.<br /><br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-yMy25-JA0kENMReGU2JanFcFyiTQKgo7qI5EXxbzXy4MapchjRi6saicmSSz28nVfDk-V-Hkj4yPX2lVOGa0X8o_yXfOlZwyHNxrNbKClrAiFDuhMz6aw1s7yR6dlbDiHUroL2u2c6A/s1600/RootHairs.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 280px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-yMy25-JA0kENMReGU2JanFcFyiTQKgo7qI5EXxbzXy4MapchjRi6saicmSSz28nVfDk-V-Hkj4yPX2lVOGa0X8o_yXfOlZwyHNxrNbKClrAiFDuhMz6aw1s7yR6dlbDiHUroL2u2c6A/s400/RootHairs.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5493604449131092674" border="0" /></a><br />Zooming in on the lateral branches and main stem the root hairs become apparent.<br />These root hairs are responsible for the abortion of water through the soil.<br /><br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3cqN5JYCk4Xk1saxhEwShr2J-DeOFa8EJgKg9-0Kmd4W6ZMVb-Mj4QhYfrN4nJZ5LQNgu9J4m3mhAQVu9YzYILrt2UXx7gSwzVLEohYbKvwPHE-pXNv3qFl3eNtb97gdV-8ZQZRPmkiM/s1600/RootXS1.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 332px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3cqN5JYCk4Xk1saxhEwShr2J-DeOFa8EJgKg9-0Kmd4W6ZMVb-Mj4QhYfrN4nJZ5LQNgu9J4m3mhAQVu9YzYILrt2UXx7gSwzVLEohYbKvwPHE-pXNv3qFl3eNtb97gdV-8ZQZRPmkiM/s400/RootXS1.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5493604722651062578" border="0" /></a><br />This is a cross section through a primary root. </div><div style="text-align: left;">Can you name the functions of all the labeled parts?<br /><br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6gYK30wgP1FuIMrUqv50fd-IPZCIXXyH9WQTATryD2-n5MzhzxGQ3GM_eYavGwezgLCCilhrdX1ZngBJgdLemVt2nmfjDJ71ZvDavZTYrfV-NO4rb_lgJRB4I9msE94AW6uiutFhWhmU/s1600/RootLateralBranching2.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 356px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6gYK30wgP1FuIMrUqv50fd-IPZCIXXyH9WQTATryD2-n5MzhzxGQ3GM_eYavGwezgLCCilhrdX1ZngBJgdLemVt2nmfjDJ71ZvDavZTYrfV-NO4rb_lgJRB4I9msE94AW6uiutFhWhmU/s400/RootLateralBranching2.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5493605043104568658" border="0" /></a><br />A cross section through a root in which a lateral root is beginning to emerge from the pericycle. </div><div style="text-align: left;">Is this a primary root or a secondary root? How can you tell? Does lateral branching involve the forming of secondary xylem or phloem?</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDaGjndqciClEZ8u4zzIN8wo-hDmEvW76xDgBWebMDDTnOCZF954UuqIcnNU9K9iLUwpFc8_-uYN3WR797j6qPL0czjP7_KmgBa-ehL7pSRGp1mDmlLO4OKcqi2HAjrrfMeTKYd-YqxWs/s1600/SweetPotatos.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 280px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDaGjndqciClEZ8u4zzIN8wo-hDmEvW76xDgBWebMDDTnOCZF954UuqIcnNU9K9iLUwpFc8_-uYN3WR797j6qPL0czjP7_KmgBa-ehL7pSRGp1mDmlLO4OKcqi2HAjrrfMeTKYd-YqxWs/s400/SweetPotatos.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5493605553425167986" border="0" /></a><br />Roots can often be highly modified. The roots Shona is holding in this picture are in fact sweet potatoes. </div><div style="text-align: left;">Can you imagine what kind of chemical these roots are modified to store?</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhU9wCFj_ToMctA-YJKvHFpR44AvL-uEZdzPR8OdvavWorkzqGCuJRrOIIf6vV0zul6IO8WTXBih520vyN3Y41oRkV50UAT1fWkSDneCJuftljk9Oojaq3ZyHTYZSSOKfoOl8qRsY4ro4U/s1600/RootsVascQuestion.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 280px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhU9wCFj_ToMctA-YJKvHFpR44AvL-uEZdzPR8OdvavWorkzqGCuJRrOIIf6vV0zul6IO8WTXBih520vyN3Y41oRkV50UAT1fWkSDneCJuftljk9Oojaq3ZyHTYZSSOKfoOl8qRsY4ro4U/s400/RootsVascQuestion.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5493606020350464322" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">WITHOUT </span>scrolling back up can you label A B C and D?</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Feel free to post answers to the questions and / or discuss them by posting comments.<br /><blockquote></blockquote><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0TSGxV0ATcLTkSKz6dbwfY9gQfZMtT7ECqE1MNNDh3ZuGHo6IvnowrhoXO8i64AQhyphenhyphenMw-sUYNBmOFG78BtuI6EemZG2qwrI9pH3Nasg2PikH3AsBOHoRYqha8TxnS5pMGwnJ9ebBxiko/s1600/PartsOfLeaf.jpg"><br /></a></div><span style="color: rgb(153, 51, 153);"></span>Doughttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12108423571018594135noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8415683667634005657.post-444584980225566872010-07-08T22:06:00.000-07:002010-07-14T19:20:47.086-07:00LAB 1 PART 2<div style="text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:large;"><b>Dermal Tissue system <span style="font-size:small;">(</span></b><span style="font-size:small;">part 2)</span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><b><i>Shepherdia canadensis</i> (Indian ice-cream)</b><br />---<br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgNTX_FXoDGy5CX33c49ex1gIM5MzqRODX_VVR-F8Q3rJC6kmyguwk_OMWjfMbWm6ALm9oOnvxFGZJz3RNYeVwZNGmPLqLdO4UmhKl9orFEgL-CFSa1SclYTd5zNBvyvtMu1khcUs9Dsb6/s1600/IMG_2657.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgNTX_FXoDGy5CX33c49ex1gIM5MzqRODX_VVR-F8Q3rJC6kmyguwk_OMWjfMbWm6ALm9oOnvxFGZJz3RNYeVwZNGmPLqLdO4UmhKl9orFEgL-CFSa1SclYTd5zNBvyvtMu1khcUs9Dsb6/s320/IMG_2657.JPG" border="0" /></a></div>The furry lower surface of <i>Shepherdia canadensis</i> under a dissecting scope...<br /><br />After scraping some of them off and mounting them on a compound scope:<br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicVrkTAEdpKJiHnt5uuOJigiIAAQA3zRmz353YxcMt043e7KeFKAbGwtFFj_ExieeVmjzqF-DgvZ2msbEstYMCzgu4uKIvQ7SQexdoYk1ovZ2WkMdoXd-SUQnDNlMT4eYJmmzT3gf3jJd1/s1600/IMG_2659.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicVrkTAEdpKJiHnt5uuOJigiIAAQA3zRmz353YxcMt043e7KeFKAbGwtFFj_ExieeVmjzqF-DgvZ2msbEstYMCzgu4uKIvQ7SQexdoYk1ovZ2WkMdoXd-SUQnDNlMT4eYJmmzT3gf3jJd1/s320/IMG_2659.JPG" border="0" /></a></div>Stellate arrangement of trichomes (young)<br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilVhyZi6I4y0s276EcuRAXjfB2tMALOxv7YgSG7ePEXcAFLEQThjzofrBu-T-OHwdyYmTil00M0lBjwRsigV1yK_QS56yoe6TFEl2vOe9wfWqQDVDsFrjG-ABqqlr4X9JvLfzYR3qFQV_n/s1600/IMG_2662.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilVhyZi6I4y0s276EcuRAXjfB2tMALOxv7YgSG7ePEXcAFLEQThjzofrBu-T-OHwdyYmTil00M0lBjwRsigV1yK_QS56yoe6TFEl2vOe9wfWqQDVDsFrjG-ABqqlr4X9JvLfzYR3qFQV_n/s320/IMG_2662.JPG" border="0" /></a></div>Another cluster of trichomes except this one is older/more mature<br /><br /><br /><span style="font-size:x-large;"><b>STEMS</b></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:large;">Stem anatomy</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><i>Coleus</i> Stem tip </b> </div><div style="text-align: center;">---</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7Poh0rPqEmD_7Q82Nfa8CqOhifQpIWDlpXqha740PhY6jQo8mMMXe_-p1oJ2b6TaqfCaWYhxFKmGzzHwYa8W_mDFX6lcM_BAYotJURtHrvy0ImUoDU0i0yrWVwLelu8KbqTKTn3ZGwu6j/s1600/stem+anatomy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7Poh0rPqEmD_7Q82Nfa8CqOhifQpIWDlpXqha740PhY6jQo8mMMXe_-p1oJ2b6TaqfCaWYhxFKmGzzHwYa8W_mDFX6lcM_BAYotJURtHrvy0ImUoDU0i0yrWVwLelu8KbqTKTn3ZGwu6j/s400/stem+anatomy.jpg" border="0" width="400" height="300" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBHcEvZEbIzh3PN_HtbysdhT-GHX97tBozGNevSpgEIQAbnl3QwyDSIa_ESymp7jcnFZxfMRo4GnBoSBRirLvtLN7JFmxSkl3jnxtHObf9IK1aDJuhQVJ99UTSDb5iKG0udddWI_j9JFXW/s1600/stem+anatomy+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBHcEvZEbIzh3PN_HtbysdhT-GHX97tBozGNevSpgEIQAbnl3QwyDSIa_ESymp7jcnFZxfMRo4GnBoSBRirLvtLN7JFmxSkl3jnxtHObf9IK1aDJuhQVJ99UTSDb5iKG0udddWI_j9JFXW/s400/stem+anatomy+2.jpg" border="0" width="400" height="300" /></a></div><br /><br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:small;"><b> Monocot vs. Eudicot Stems</b></span></div><div style="text-align: center;">---</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdrxeYuxABYkh-df3o148PKdLk2gAVJwfMfK4CCGD8IEpHyvgAoF5UEQ2t0GA4BbmVc90Phhaq-GRuoAD-PIHGeCk2Oz5taDwjhn-h3b3WzS_vPC2iZgLbqu9gLU_PvwohAb-IYgQ3ZOVB/s1600/Monocot+stem.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdrxeYuxABYkh-df3o148PKdLk2gAVJwfMfK4CCGD8IEpHyvgAoF5UEQ2t0GA4BbmVc90Phhaq-GRuoAD-PIHGeCk2Oz5taDwjhn-h3b3WzS_vPC2iZgLbqu9gLU_PvwohAb-IYgQ3ZOVB/s320/Monocot+stem.jpg" border="0" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">Monocot stem cross-section *note the position of the vascular bundles - they are all over the place</div><br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvDmo4WCmXUMDcqy-bNpXdcbIvN7VoqS9dxHsLu5bgpfp-m0NmF7ApwBeBbX4cB2JN-4dHIbg6Q8ve4PiqA-wrTTwgnOqEnWI89ukKCXaJdeMwZK2Fsp19M62xRHzWPMCNn4YXUKG2mniK/s1600/eudicot+stem.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvDmo4WCmXUMDcqy-bNpXdcbIvN7VoqS9dxHsLu5bgpfp-m0NmF7ApwBeBbX4cB2JN-4dHIbg6Q8ve4PiqA-wrTTwgnOqEnWI89ukKCXaJdeMwZK2Fsp19M62xRHzWPMCNn4YXUKG2mniK/s320/eudicot+stem.jpg" border="0" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">Eudicot stem cross-section *the vascular bundles are more organized; they form a circular arrangement </div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><b>Sambucus (elderberry) Cross-section</b><br /><b>--- </b><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZ8jpYg0zYjLEm0bSu4N346cXC8xJAGokq0eGPqPGi-xQm7M017PLF9uQSOpdNYnbeR7kaQlDurfZoZeZOgwZlHujs8TXbTQ0oNxgZz8I09uxcoW9Wr0cWzU78RexIVUjnwfafkRJxh8Lr/s1600/Sambucus.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZ8jpYg0zYjLEm0bSu4N346cXC8xJAGokq0eGPqPGi-xQm7M017PLF9uQSOpdNYnbeR7kaQlDurfZoZeZOgwZlHujs8TXbTQ0oNxgZz8I09uxcoW9Wr0cWzU78RexIVUjnwfafkRJxh8Lr/s320/Sambucus.jpg" border="0" /></a></div><br /><br /><b><i>Linus usitatissimum</i> (flax, linen) cross section</b><br />---<br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFAbrrWc_zfE6I7nHt84oM2OeB_lvjorbq0AMciwAI1drjOvYgCKzMdBQAew2e2uC4OnreJbOz5qxvsaWu1O8WiKKgE__p2VZfOGW2OJGZhSDZpzA80rNbuot1ullu1Yu7eHx-nW72oLYT/s1600/Linum+v1.01.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFAbrrWc_zfE6I7nHt84oM2OeB_lvjorbq0AMciwAI1drjOvYgCKzMdBQAew2e2uC4OnreJbOz5qxvsaWu1O8WiKKgE__p2VZfOGW2OJGZhSDZpzA80rNbuot1ullu1Yu7eHx-nW72oLYT/s400/Linum+v1.01.jpg" border="0" width="400" height="353" /></a></div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0);font-size:78%;" ><br /></span><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0);font-family:arial;font-size:78%;" >Thank you to Casey and Chloe for the fantastic cross section slides.</span></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div>Midyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04616902851680475958noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8415683667634005657.post-45798003558569051052010-07-07T23:15:00.000-07:002010-07-08T01:00:48.551-07:00LAB 1 PART 1<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-weight: bold;font-size:180%;" >Ground Tissue System</span><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:78%;">one tissue type - parenchyma</span><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102);font-size:130%;" >Parenchyma Tissue</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102);font-size:78%;" >simple tissue with one cell type - parenchymous</span><br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKYgv1rLh_vwBFby6PYv4xsx2zttmTU8A4WqaYvcoQPV8mwYV91hQlgstfBag7F3EHPL44hhmpwMYr8KOD9SlechXZ6fTFQg-H1e0Pe1ccxTB16ST2vRm6WlH6L_A4DwtYDV8oYfZJ4us/s1600/LAB1_Parenchyma.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 280px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKYgv1rLh_vwBFby6PYv4xsx2zttmTU8A4WqaYvcoQPV8mwYV91hQlgstfBag7F3EHPL44hhmpwMYr8KOD9SlechXZ6fTFQg-H1e0Pe1ccxTB16ST2vRm6WlH6L_A4DwtYDV8oYfZJ4us/s400/LAB1_Parenchyma.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5491417996030879922" border="0" /></a><span style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102);font-size:85%;" >Parenchymous cells with amyloplasts, starch storing plastids,<br />found in the parenchyma tissue of cotelydons in a bean seed.</span><br /><br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHRmC8JqqJsNyl07FzZwbXv5nHqGxhobHOGdLUj5rMKh44QANwciq_kP9XoeClmGhYUX2sYaatMLgLBK5tM8juHJ9ylxDEykxRJqpGEksZppxoEdAny6vSbD3Qjg3RNaVEvywteOaTiag/s1600/LAB1_Amyloplast.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 280px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHRmC8JqqJsNyl07FzZwbXv5nHqGxhobHOGdLUj5rMKh44QANwciq_kP9XoeClmGhYUX2sYaatMLgLBK5tM8juHJ9ylxDEykxRJqpGEksZppxoEdAny6vSbD3Qjg3RNaVEvywteOaTiag/s400/LAB1_Amyloplast.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5491419965381691826" border="0" /></a><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102);">Close of up amyloplasts</span></span>.<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6kAc7DgR5PtkRGQlouwDJgtKGvIXhCNKLJ8pRvITiTDNOoMdT4Mdozg3N5_Sf0xetKoZtSBM-OO57T6mbZGv5pwIdz6rTpKtUIb1bSSUdXwbcEMHrX1Fwin2XTGUX7jdOYAYtkTHdre4/s1600/LAB1_AmyloTolBlue.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 280px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6kAc7DgR5PtkRGQlouwDJgtKGvIXhCNKLJ8pRvITiTDNOoMdT4Mdozg3N5_Sf0xetKoZtSBM-OO57T6mbZGv5pwIdz6rTpKtUIb1bSSUdXwbcEMHrX1Fwin2XTGUX7jdOYAYtkTHdre4/s400/LAB1_AmyloTolBlue.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5491420482542274738" border="0" /></a><span style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102);font-size:85%;" >Amyloplasts stained with IKI.<br />This large reserve of starch in the cotyledon is used when the seed begins to germinate.<br /><br /><span style="font-size:130%;"><br /><br />Sclerenchyma Tissue</span><br /><span style="font-size:78%;">simple tissue with two cell types - fibres </span><span style="font-style: italic;font-size:78%;" >or</span><span style="font-size:78%;"> sclereids</span><br /><br /><br /></span><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRNVKmLj2I7YD5X1UiQbT1aCIROr1j8nZcq9vzUGFA-DweBERmXWkNFYJWHt7Ru_T2NLAKphGPjQGLLqC1tR5IgbsEX2waIkUh5MvBhIxiKwpfj2OpKGN4HRRuTNbCFvDav-6SJenjClw/s1600/LAB1_Fibres.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 280px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRNVKmLj2I7YD5X1UiQbT1aCIROr1j8nZcq9vzUGFA-DweBERmXWkNFYJWHt7Ru_T2NLAKphGPjQGLLqC1tR5IgbsEX2waIkUh5MvBhIxiKwpfj2OpKGN4HRRuTNbCFvDav-6SJenjClw/s400/LAB1_Fibres.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5491422157059151266" border="0" /></a><span style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102);font-size:85%;" >A bundle of fibres pulled from <span style="font-style: italic;">Sansevieria</span>.</span><br /><br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbMWZ9z3KxkapiYsmCYImSvxplOaZ1UlZ0rOxI_M48gk9TV6MqwU68oCalqI0N1TBtgfZie7cDp_r0sc4NwXlsokOw2EzdvTlpi5ikpYzds9qclhYU1YFVedRbid9_dubGui4vrrHDyEU/s1600/LAB1_Fibre.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 280px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbMWZ9z3KxkapiYsmCYImSvxplOaZ1UlZ0rOxI_M48gk9TV6MqwU68oCalqI0N1TBtgfZie7cDp_r0sc4NwXlsokOw2EzdvTlpi5ikpYzds9qclhYU1YFVedRbid9_dubGui4vrrHDyEU/s400/LAB1_Fibre.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5491422693484878450" border="0" /></a><span style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102);font-size:85%;" >Fibres after being separated from the bundle</span>.<br /><br /><span style="font-size:78%;">note: no picture of sclereids.</span><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;font-size:180%;" >Vascular Tissue System</span><br /><span style="font-size:78%;">two tissue types - xylem and phloem</span><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102);">Xylem</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102);font-size:78%;" >complex tissue with four cell types - tracheids, vessels, parenchymous cells, & fibres</span><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102);">Phloem</span> <span style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102);font-size:78%;" ><br />complex tissue with three cell types - sieve elements, parenchymous cells, & fibres</span><br /><br /><br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQDDFD8MNe6Fko3KUwc8sIsIy2UDaGNzzMBTWM0PwXObhFyq83mruH91xzT8S6mUtnfQV7EkxPSUc2Nw-0kkQPXWBE6mSMOQnqIjBtwLZ4ENY40Jikm8QxsJNlB3prXGRlamst-jjj6Sk/s1600/LAB1_VascBundle.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 280px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQDDFD8MNe6Fko3KUwc8sIsIy2UDaGNzzMBTWM0PwXObhFyq83mruH91xzT8S6mUtnfQV7EkxPSUc2Nw-0kkQPXWBE6mSMOQnqIjBtwLZ4ENY40Jikm8QxsJNlB3prXGRlamst-jjj6Sk/s400/LAB1_VascBundle.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5491425186569641602" border="0" /></a><span style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102);font-size:85%;" >Vascular bundle in stem of young Buttercup.</span><br /><br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlgmPvwlyhNPhfg1JSuS6MoKxvD7CuKMYdqjb0U-iTCM7kIpBaeXYp4njOLKv3P534I9AEZwTdhor0yHrL4ZpDMcwVXguFk8lCrkPnyg7P4N8jOTGxPazw5L4bFTjVlu2VYEchbEQF5vA/s1600/LAB1_VascBundleStained.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 280px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlgmPvwlyhNPhfg1JSuS6MoKxvD7CuKMYdqjb0U-iTCM7kIpBaeXYp4njOLKv3P534I9AEZwTdhor0yHrL4ZpDMcwVXguFk8lCrkPnyg7P4N8jOTGxPazw5L4bFTjVlu2VYEchbEQF5vA/s400/LAB1_VascBundleStained.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5491425778040267138" border="0" /></a><span style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102);font-size:85%;" >A stained vascular bundle.<br />The three regions of the vascular bundle are very distinct.<br /><br /><br /></span><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZymhyphenhyphenTtpc5ivqdBg96GyRer5e2sSFXPMsljVYJSpVQmExLHWm4KpVyXKcQgtuPaLoT7ToN_DnMcB2dL4-s8x242SRqtlAi6jFCdRJD02Bl-_2BIy8OXqyjJQDNao1a-Jo17KYhTapA_0/s1600/LAB1_tracheids.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 280px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZymhyphenhyphenTtpc5ivqdBg96GyRer5e2sSFXPMsljVYJSpVQmExLHWm4KpVyXKcQgtuPaLoT7ToN_DnMcB2dL4-s8x242SRqtlAi6jFCdRJD02Bl-_2BIy8OXqyjJQDNao1a-Jo17KYhTapA_0/s400/LAB1_tracheids.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5491426767535575586" border="0" /></a><span style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102);font-size:85%;" >Within the xylem there are tracheids which have thinnings in their cell walls called pits.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-style: italic;font-size:100%;" >The following three pictures are of Gymnosperm xylem.</span><br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDsotAtVSmcCuZxyG-FqBhZp7lfbXq6xDHebMNjSpfiR1QS-CF-0eGbIyYValc8kZc3W_tTCSiYyt2QNCvy9xD7Yx-zpjPGck-cRQ_T48XW3lZrw6PlmYen0fU0Z8ff_KvQaAT498WYVM/s1600/LAB1_tracheids_prepped.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 280px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDsotAtVSmcCuZxyG-FqBhZp7lfbXq6xDHebMNjSpfiR1QS-CF-0eGbIyYValc8kZc3W_tTCSiYyt2QNCvy9xD7Yx-zpjPGck-cRQ_T48XW3lZrw6PlmYen0fU0Z8ff_KvQaAT498WYVM/s400/LAB1_tracheids_prepped.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5491427812603136242" border="0" /></a><span style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102);font-size:85%;" >Tracheids organized in xylem in a prepared slide.</span><span style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102);font-size:85%;" > Note the pits.</span><br /><br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0OYTgoIIMDFT8j98ZHo34OrbC1rr21hPqXHKOuhqwIFQyyLn6Wc_X0lnp6QzM8rQ5wPKndCeWD7OiRGaTxxI24h1_BAtphpRqKXeBpwXn1409J3uR3ONqKSrQNjXDoN_z5sfRmcjcHzI/s1600/LAB1_tracheids_ray.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 280px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0OYTgoIIMDFT8j98ZHo34OrbC1rr21hPqXHKOuhqwIFQyyLn6Wc_X0lnp6QzM8rQ5wPKndCeWD7OiRGaTxxI24h1_BAtphpRqKXeBpwXn1409J3uR3ONqKSrQNjXDoN_z5sfRmcjcHzI/s400/LAB1_tracheids_ray.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5491428493478701218" border="0" /></a><span style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102);font-size:85%;" >With a longitudinal section of xylem, the rays of parenchymous cells<br />responsible for lateral transport of water & minerals can be seen.</span><br /><br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSQnQ9AX1UUtNl8qAdvcHi90lI8QcQp19L6jDGEHoh2uk3qafjZMoFZ8vd3UG_Qy2fv4lsp7tMoTkqu9Acaro4ThWGYnKk4JE_oH0Jp16h7r7zDHhyT-dRxPfJD7sjEIBcTBwZudkJohw/s1600/LAB1_tracheids_resincanal.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 280px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSQnQ9AX1UUtNl8qAdvcHi90lI8QcQp19L6jDGEHoh2uk3qafjZMoFZ8vd3UG_Qy2fv4lsp7tMoTkqu9Acaro4ThWGYnKk4JE_oH0Jp16h7r7zDHhyT-dRxPfJD7sjEIBcTBwZudkJohw/s400/LAB1_tracheids_resincanal.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5491429853922486018" border="0" /></a><span style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102);font-size:85%;" >This cross section shows a resin canal amongst tracheids in gymnosperm xylem.</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102);font-size:85%;" ><br />The function of the resin canal is to store secondary<br />metabolites and secret them when damaged or under attack.</span> (?)<br /><br /><br /><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">The following three pictures are of Angiosperm xylem</span><br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPkDZgcwNERF2IH4srW9XaG__UG5yDiNxv3dVBuDL2gUZdbc-r1yHY6e7el0wZho7FswWlNYQ_HeA291Sai2RwXhI_7zBsKFOrQEaJ4vJ8ACyFXS8ZBomB1GEgTOOP7Zo_SHLv8Al4PDE/s1600/LAB1_vessellong.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 280px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPkDZgcwNERF2IH4srW9XaG__UG5yDiNxv3dVBuDL2gUZdbc-r1yHY6e7el0wZho7FswWlNYQ_HeA291Sai2RwXhI_7zBsKFOrQEaJ4vJ8ACyFXS8ZBomB1GEgTOOP7Zo_SHLv8Al4PDE/s400/LAB1_vessellong.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5491431377802187746" border="0" /></a><span style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102);font-size:85%;" >These are two vessels amongst tracheids.</span><br /><span style="font-size:78%;">Note: the picture is rotated 180 degrees.</span><br /><br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQzUWHAAKrWChRRudYxIU4pUqH8YJrOfdLG8kL6urASuqEHLqh_2S5LvD0xSyhS0esazlcH2qhd_hTaN_KDiJ-Z8HP0urebFhWMzDqhXBdlgIpqbkXUZ-LyT6xr1i2gLJWVcMN1rO27sw/s1600/LAB1_vessellongrays.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 280px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQzUWHAAKrWChRRudYxIU4pUqH8YJrOfdLG8kL6urASuqEHLqh_2S5LvD0xSyhS0esazlcH2qhd_hTaN_KDiJ-Z8HP0urebFhWMzDqhXBdlgIpqbkXUZ-LyT6xr1i2gLJWVcMN1rO27sw/s400/LAB1_vessellongrays.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5491431894204337090" border="0" /></a><span style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102);font-size:85%;" >This shows rays amongst the tracheids and vessels.</span><br /><span style="font-size:78%;">Note: the picture is rotated 180 degrees.<br /><br /></span><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLwrBYdHqZ8RxjTvkbRW6T6BV_FYZbLKd_kDMhrLbXk2k7xGkayiA1NbrMX_9PpKP8WHUPIXzoQ8Tqv9VKXHPo5_e3S81QnRmzesb4hckVUzyZjcaH77WBKcYGt1G_YkjNaQhVJs8PJ6w/s1600/LAB1_vesselxs.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 280px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLwrBYdHqZ8RxjTvkbRW6T6BV_FYZbLKd_kDMhrLbXk2k7xGkayiA1NbrMX_9PpKP8WHUPIXzoQ8Tqv9VKXHPo5_e3S81QnRmzesb4hckVUzyZjcaH77WBKcYGt1G_YkjNaQhVJs8PJ6w/s400/LAB1_vesselxs.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5491432366108432050" border="0" /></a><span style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102);font-size:85%;" >This shows vessels in cross section amongst tracheids.</span><br /><span style="font-size:180%;"><br /><br /><br />Dermal Tissue System</span><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102);font-size:100%;" >Epidermis</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102);font-size:78%;" >outer layer of cells that covers the entire primary body of a plant</span><br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5JEkgRdtWqsXE_cDzaev4lTjfJFWR1eAgfCeOAzBrA3mnUHBwLEIIq09R4BSQtvpErUbqOyC4oBRso587rewQyW894u_0pgg-LMZGr_D5rE0H322tVuU2jcRdVhTzjs_E6zh_8gMsce4/s1600/LAB1_trichome.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 301px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5JEkgRdtWqsXE_cDzaev4lTjfJFWR1eAgfCeOAzBrA3mnUHBwLEIIq09R4BSQtvpErUbqOyC4oBRso587rewQyW894u_0pgg-LMZGr_D5rE0H322tVuU2jcRdVhTzjs_E6zh_8gMsce4/s400/LAB1_trichome.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5491433415757256450" border="0" /></a><span style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102);font-size:85%;" >Glandular trichome of geranium.</span><br /><br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcs10aI8iZqQe6G52TGxR5yLNctmgzk0R6zUveC3hlHU_pfsiNzVFXxo0mbdB1ezvo2s9CzxJK76yHC6YIj_ydj8VLfk_qX4OnwWYwSVLof3P1ru86U30mSXrRgB_JQTtwRL0uR1cLfOs/s1600/LAB1_stomata.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 280px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcs10aI8iZqQe6G52TGxR5yLNctmgzk0R6zUveC3hlHU_pfsiNzVFXxo0mbdB1ezvo2s9CzxJK76yHC6YIj_ydj8VLfk_qX4OnwWYwSVLof3P1ru86U30mSXrRgB_JQTtwRL0uR1cLfOs/s400/LAB1_stomata.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5491434313874462594" border="0" /></a><span style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102);font-size:85%;" >Stomata of germanium. Stomata is used for gas exchange in plants.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-size:78%;"><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0); font-family: arial;">Thank you to Katherine Lin for the IKI stain picture.</span></span><br /></div>Doughttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12108423571018594135noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8415683667634005657.post-19447025441795828772010-07-07T18:00:00.000-07:002010-07-22T23:06:08.995-07:00Commenting Issue (FIXED)Rachel pointed out to me in lab that comments were limited to google users (those with accounts). This has been fixed so that <span style="font-style: italic;">anyone </span>can post a comment. Because of this we would like to ask that you do not post comments under ridiculous names like UBERAWESOMEBOTANIST and such - your first name will suffice and allow us to respond to questions/comments in person as well as on here.<span style="font-size:78%;"><br />*Hopefully no one selling viagra finds out about this and spams the blog - isn't my email junk folder enough?!?</span><br /><br />So please comment - we're dying to hear any sort of feedback and/or suggestions.<br />Somethings we would like to know:<br /><ul><li>do you feel this blog is of any use to you?</li><li>will you consult this blog when studying for the final?</li><li>is the information provided under each picture/diagram sufficient?</li><li>do you think having more diagrams to accompany pictures of live material will be useful?</li><li>would it be helpful to post short study questions to accompany diagrams? <span style="font-size:100%;">For example if i showed a picture of a tracheid and asked what the function of a pit is</span>.<br /></li></ul><br /><br />LAB 1 PART 2 will be completed today by Midy. LAB 2 will be posted sometime tomorrow night and I will try to make fairly decent diagrams of leaf and root structure.<br /><br />Thanks everyone, have a <span style="font-weight: bold;font-size:180%;" >great </span>weekend.Doughttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12108423571018594135noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8415683667634005657.post-6497792585675637042010-07-07T17:58:00.000-07:002010-07-10T02:21:39.914-07:00PilotHello, we<span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span>are<span style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-weight: bold;">Douglas Newbigging</span> and <span style="font-weight: bold;">Midy Liou</span>. We have created this blog with the intention of posting labeled pictures of the organisms and structures we encounter in <span style="font-weight: bold;">Biology 343</span> at <span style="font-weight: bold;">UBC</span>. We hope to update this blog each lab day, time permitting, and look forward to any feedback.<br /><br /><br />If you feel you have a better picture or diagram than the ones we have uploaded and want us to post it here - please feel free to contact us and we will be happy to share your material.<br /><br /><br />Contact us at theultimateduo@gmail.com or leave a comment here.<br /><br />Thanks and good luck this summer term!<br /><br /><br />Edit:<br /><br />Please remember that the material posted here is<span style="font-weight: bold;"> <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">independent</span> </span>of<span style="font-weight: bold;"> Shona Ellis</span>. Thus, any questions or comments about the material on this blog should be directed to either Doug or Midy and <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">not </span>Shona.Midyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04616902851680475958noreply@blogger.com0